This is repeated later in Neo-Assyrian records and the Bible ( Caphtor).
The earliest references to the island of Crete come from texts from the Syrian city of Mari dating from the 18th century BC, where the island is referred to as Kaptara. The palace of Knossos, a Bronze Age settlement and ancient Minoan city, is also located in Heraklion. The Nikos Kazantzakis airport at Heraklion and the Daskalogiannis airport at Chania serve international travelers. Crete forms a significant part of the economy and cultural heritage of Greece, while retaining its own local cultural traits (such as its own poetry and music). It includes Crete's highest point, Mount Ida, and the range of the White Mountains (Lefka Ori) with 30 summits above 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) in altitude and the Samaria Gorge, a World Biosphere Reserve. The island is mostly mountainous, and its character is defined by a high mountain range crossing from west to east. Crete became part of Greece in December 1913. In 1898 Crete, whose people had for some time wanted to join the Greek state, achieved independence from the Ottomans, formally becoming the Cretan State. Crete was later ruled by Rome, then successively by the Byzantine Empire, Andalusian Arabs, the Venetian Republic, and the Ottoman Empire. The Minoan civilization was overrun by the Mycenaean civilization from mainland Greece. The Peloponnese is to the region's northwest.Ĭrete was the centre of Europe's first advanced civilization, the Minoans, from 2700 to 1420 BC. The Dodecanese are located to the northeast of Crete, while the Cyclades are situated to the north, separated by the Sea of Crete. As of 2020, the region had a population of 636,504. Its capital and largest city is Heraklion, on the north shore of the island. It bounds the southern border of the Aegean Sea, with the Sea of Crete (or North Cretan Sea) to the north and the Libyan Sea (or South Cretan Sea) to the south.Ĭrete and a number of islands and islets that surround it constitute the Region of Crete (Greek: Περιφέρεια Κρήτης), which is the southernmost of the 13 top-level administrative units of Greece, and the fifth most populous of Greece's regions. Crete rests about 160 km (99 mi) south of the Greek mainland, and about 100 km (62 mi) southwest of Anatolia. Crete ( Greek: Κρήτη, Modern: Kríti, Ancient: Krḗtē ) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the 88th largest island in the world and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, Sardinia, Cyprus, and Corsica.
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